The first Covid-19 vaccine came in record time but it's easy to forget the decades of research into mRNA, which underpins the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine
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The Covid-19 pandemic has brought the importance of R&D to the forefront in India. Our R&D teams have worked hard to develop test kits, vaccines and ventilators to help us manage the pandemic. Many of these were developed in very short timeframes. But, complex technologies today often involve “R&D to product lifecycles” that work on a decadal timescale. Often this decadal timescale cannot be shortened and any attempts may lead to ineffective and inefficient results resulting is what researchers in strategy call “time compression diseconomies” of R&D.
This implies that India has to strengthen its capabilities to effectively manage long-duration R&D programs. This involves increasing the collaboration among diverse R&D teams across organizations, modernizing the infrastructure required for commercially translating R&D, and developing models of funding that support R&D across various phases in the lifecycle.
How does the R&D to product lifecycle play out in the context of complex technologies?
On March 17, 2020, Pfizer and BioNTech agreed to co-develop a messenger RNA (mRNA) based coronavirus vaccine aimed at preventing Covid-19 infection. mRNA is a molecule that carries genetic code from DNA in a cell's nucleus to ribosomes where the cell makes proteins. Proteins would never get made without mRNA. BioNTech contributed mRNA vaccine candidates while Pfizer’s contribution was its leading global vaccine clinical research and development, regulatory, manufacturing, and distribution infrastructure capabilities.
On November 9, 2020, Pfizer and BioNTech announced that the first set of results from the Phase 3 trial provided the initial evidence of their vaccine’s ability to prevent Covid-19. On December 2, 2020, UK’s Medicines & Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) granted a temporary authorisation for emergency use for the vaccine. On December 11, 2020, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) followed suit.
[This article has been published with permission from IIM Bangalore. www.iimb.ac.in Views expressed are personal.]