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Narendra Modi: Role Model of Governance?

Gujarat's growth story is an expression of the chief minister's authoritarian power

By Dinesh Narayanan

Published: Sep 24, 2012 06:26:10 AM IST

Updated: Sep 24, 2012 08:32:14 PM IST

Early in August this year, I called somebody I know advises Narendra Modi, the powerful chief minister of Gujarat. Is there really any merit, I asked him, in all the fawning over Modi? “Yes,” the advisor replied without hesitation. “I’ve seen the man in action. He is a visionary. Go to Gujarat and see. He has cleaned up the administration. Investments are flowing. He is transforming the state.”

My question had its roots in a now-familiar narrative. It begins from the glowing testimonials. “Modi’s leadership is exemplary, Gujarat will provide leadership beyond country,” India’s most respected tycoon Ratan Tata is quoted on the website of the Gujarat government’s flagship event, the Vibrant Gujarat Summit. Media magnate and chairman of the Zee Group Subhash Chandra considers Modi as the person who “redefined politics, performance and principles”.

In my mind, like in that of many Indians, Narendra Modi is inexplicably linked to February 2002 when mobs murdered, raped and burnt hundreds of Muslims, including women and children, in an inhuman orgy of violence on his watch. Then there are hazy memories from 10 years ago of the state’s commercial capital Ahmedabad. In memory it was a messy city, like many others—chaotic, polluted and emblematic of all things wrong with urbanisation in India.

But journalism is the kind of business that demands you trust nothing but your eyes. So a month later, I was in Ahmedabad. Without doubt, it looked like one of the better managed cities in the country. The roads were wider and public spaces greener than I remembered. An efficient Bus Rapid Transit System connects the eastern end of the city to the western corner. Another one connecting the other two poles is under construction.

The Sabarmati river, which runs through the city, used to be dry and surrounded by slums. Instead, fed by Narmada waters, it was in full flow between the newly-built 10-km-long promenades on either side.

I could see the city was growing with a 76-km-long ring road encircling it. That road was conceived and built in record time and with minimum fuss under Surendra Patel. He used to be chairman of the Ahmedabad Urban Development Authority (AUDA), which supervised the project. In his office where I met him, a detailed plan of how the riverfront would look like was pinned on a soft board. “I still follow up on the project,” he says. “It started during my time.”

Over the next one hour, he talked passionately about Ahmedabad; of how he transformed AUDA from a small office with a few people and barely any revenues into a modern city developer; and of how land was acquired for development. AUDA first got the Town Planning Act amended to notionally acquire all the land and regularise their uneven dimensions into geometrically even shapes. Then he told the landowners of a plan he had in mind.

AUDA would take over half their land. A fifth of AUDA’s share would go into building roads and the rest developed for commerce, residence and parks. He told them that once the project was complete, the other half of the land they would continue to own would be significantly more valuable than all of their land put together. “My promises weren’t empty ones. I used to take contractors with me to show them we meant business,” he says. And he delivered.

By then, it was obvious Patel’s heart was in urban development and he had a knack for it. It was inevitable then that I asked him why he quit AUDA for the Rajya Sabha in 2005. “Because Narendrabhai asked me to,” he said in a matter-of-fact tone. “I told him my heart was here. But he insisted I go. I cannot say no to him.”

This was strange. Here was a man who was good at what he did; he was liked by the locals; and was a respected leader of the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). Why, then, would Modi insist he leave? I called Jagdish Thakkar, Modi’s public relations officer, for a meeting with the chief minister. “Send me an email with probable questions and I will get back to you,” he said. Thakkar never responded to my email and remained elusive on the phone.

There were other things on my mind as well. For instance, the clamour of voices asking Modi be crowned prime minister is mounting. Modi has so far maintained a stoic silence on the subject. But to an observer from the outside, every action of his indicates he is manoeuvering himself to a point where ignoring him for the job would be difficult. His ambition will be put to the test in December when Gujarat holds elections. Modi wants to capture 150 seats, up from the current 122 in the state Assembly of 182, to seal his reputation as one of India’s most popular political leaders.

That said, the ghost of 2002 continues to loom.

On August 29, I was scheduled to meet a BJP MLA and former minister in the Vidhan Bhavan, the seat of the Assembly. I ran into the legislator in the parking lot itself. He looked tense. The chief minister had called an emergency meeting. “I cannot talk to you,” he said and walked away.

It wasn’t entirely unexpected. Even as I was getting there, a special court in Ahmedabad had delivered one of the rarest verdicts in the history of India. Special Judge Jyotsana Yagnik convicted Maya Kodnani, a former minister, and 31 others for rioting and murdering 97 Muslims, including a 20-day-old infant, in Ahmedabad’s suburb of Naroda Patiya on February 28, 2002. Modi’s government was bracing for the fallout of the verdict. Nobody knew what the repercussions would be. Cases are still pending and the heat could singe even Modi.

As we drove out of the complex, a colleague who was accompanying me pointed to a building under construction. “That is the new office of the chief minister. Modi has instructed Larsen & Toubro [the contractor] to finish it by December. Work is on day and night. He wants to occupy that office when he returns as chief minister four months from now. He knows he will win again,’’ he said.

I suspect Modi’s confidence that he will return to power stems from the outcomes of what he calls the “Gujarat model of development”. Under him, industry in the state has grown in double digits. More children are now in school than ever before and agricultural growth is several times the national average. Modi told a farmers’ gathering recently that arable land in the state had increased by 37 lakh hectares. Land covered by micro-irrigation projects alone had increased from less than 1,000 acres to over seven lakh hectares in the decade of his rule.

The administration works with clock-work efficiency. Need a driving licence? Not a problem. Apply online. Appointments for tests and interviews are given promptly, much like they are for passports. Licences arrive by post with a personalised letter from Modi. Similar letters accompany documents that register a new vehicle in the state. These letters highlight the fact that, thanks to economic and industrial development in the state, the lifestyles of people have improved significantly. But, the letter urges recipients to use public transport to save fuel and reduce pollution; and that when they do use their own cars, to observe traffic rules carefully.

Such personalised letters are just one of the many tools deployed by Modi’s public relations machinery. Radio and TV channels constantly air advertisements trumpeting his achievements. There are few streets in Ahmedabad or Gandhinagar that don’t have a hoarding with his picture on it—smiling benignly, at times in a traditional turban; at other times business-like in stylish jackets; and yet others in his trademark half-sleeved kurta, hands raised and index finger pointing upwards. Wherever you look, the leader is on extravagant display.

On September 3, I walked into Mahatma Mandir, a giant windowless concrete convention centre that Modi has had constructed to host large, attention-grabbing events. I was there to listen to him speak to farmers gathered at a global convention on agriculture technology. The cavernous hall was packed. About a thousand farmers were seated on chairs lined in perfect rows. Placards were placed at intervals that read Monsanto, GNFC, John Deere and United Phosphorous.

The massive flower-bedecked stage was flanked by two giant screens and huge batteries of loudspeakers. A few minutes later, a woman announced the arrival of the chief minister. Clad in a beige kurta-pajama, his white beard trimmed to perfection and every hair in place, Modi walked in from the back of the hall followed by a sizeable entourage of government officials and colleagues. His speech was stellar, and very personal. It was all about My Gujarat, My farmer, My Vibrant Gujarat. His connect with the audience was immediate.

Tentative appreciation gave way to resounding applause as Modi listed Gujarat’s achievements. “Agriculture in Gujarat has moved from rain-dependent to irrigated. It has moved from subsistence farming to cash-cropping,” he said, listing the steps he took to push up average decadal agricultural growth to 10 percent. He urged those in the audience to dream big—big enough to produce and feed all of Europe. He outlined plans to set up an agriculture university with Israeli help to award doctorates in farming and organise a global farm summit every three years in Gujarat.

And then he took aim at the Central government. “These initiatives should have been done by Delhi but I don’t know if they will be able to do it. I don’t know when they will be able to look at soil and farmers. They are mired in coal,” he said to resounding applause. In about 45 minutes, Modi positioned himself as the leader who thinks big—big enough to lead the country.

Outside the hall, I struck up conversations with farmers. “How did you hear about this programme?” I asked a couple of them who had come all the way from Nandurbar in Maharashtra. “We were brought here by GNFC,” one of them volunteered. “They paid all our expenses,’’ he said. That’s when the purpose of the placards dawned on me. They were enclosures marked for farmers sponsored by each company.

Choreographed events aside, people speak admiringly of Modi’s workaholic ways, of how he keeps a hawk-like vigil on everything and everyone, and the efficient e-governance systems he has put in place to stay in touch with ground realities across Gujarat. Yet, once upon a time, the state was far from his mind.

“He used to openly tell us they did not like him in Gujarat and he had no interest in going there,” a senior television journalist who has known him from the days when he was a regular standby at Delhi’s numerous studios, playing second fiddle to BJP’s national leaders such as Murli Manohar Joshi. “He once waited four hours in the ante room to the studio when Joshi was on a panel discussion just in case Joshi left midway and he got a chance to replace him on the panel,’’ the journalist remembers. What changed?

“He thinks and plans long-term. And he knows very well how to position himself,” says a person who is close to the BJP leadership and who has known Modi for a long time. Since he took over 11 years ago in Gujarat, Modi has managed to convert it into one of the better governed and most aggressively marketed states in the country.

At the 2011 Vibrant Gujarat Summit, the state’s now-famous investment biennale, he got businesses from across the world to sign nearly 8,000 MoUs committing $460 billion in investments. Tata Motors and General Motors already operate out of Gujarat. Ford Motors, Peugeot and Maruti are planning new plants. With so many auto and auto ancillary projects in the pipeline, Modi has gone on record saying he’s done with wooing automakers. He now wants to focus on defence equipment manufacturing, he told the Wall Street Journal recently.

About 12 kilometers from Ahmedabad, one of his most ambitious projects is taking shape. Called the Gujarat International Finance Tec-City or GIFT, it hopes to replace Mumbai as India’s financial services hub. On paper, the plan looks impressive. Spread out over four square kilometres, the city will have constructed spaces of 8.5 million square feet. Planned as an eco-friendly city, it is intended to have state-of-the-art communication, transport and living facilities. The financial city will complement another massive development at Dholera, an 800 square kilometre special investment region, two hours by road from Ahmedabad. It is one of the six planned mega investment regions and is intended to be a self-governed global centre for economic activities close to sea and air ports. Dholera is one of the developments along the 1,535-km Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor, 38 percent of which falls in Gujarat.

Even with the red carpet, there is palpable unease when you ask businesspeople in Gujarat for their views on Modi. They decline to come on record in spite of the fact that many of them have a positive opinion of his administration except a common gripe about corruption. “I can talk to you candidly only if you assure me you will not quote me anywhere,” the promoter of a Rs 1,000 crore Ahmedabad-based manufacturing company said when I called him. He told me that they still have to pay “speed money” to get things done. “Often, we get calls [from top government officials] asking us to sign MoUs. We ourselves have signed two, though I know that nothing will become of them,’’ he says.

On the day Maya Kodnani was convicted, I met Fr Cedric Prakash at a press meet called by his organisation Prashant, which had helped victims of the 2002 riots fight their battle for justice. I asked him if he feels threatened. He said he and his colleagues are watched. Each time there is a conference at their office, somebody from the state intelligence bureau keeps a watch on visitors.

Satish Mori, director (news) of VTV, a channel that focuses on agriculture, business and rural development, had a taste of government pressure this February. VTV ran a story on a budget proposal to remove value-added tax from items used in worship such as incense sticks and camphor chips.

The channel argued these items are sold at small establishments which rarely issue a bill and, therefore, it is practically impossible to impose VAT on them. The Modi-government immediately stopped all advertisements to the channel. Mori says things were sorted out only after he met the chief minister. Shreyans Shah, the 65-year-old managing editor and publisher of Gujarat Samachar, told me his paper has faced the same problem several times. “But I don’t care. Governments before this have also done it [stopped ads] to us. I am used to it.”

The image-conscious administration is primed to actively discourage any criticism of Modi. Two people told me that they were threatened directly by a former minister who is currently facing a criminal investigation. Another, Gordhan Zadaphia, a former colleague of Modi’s, says the chief minister had personally threatened him if he did not fall in line. Zadaphia left the party in 2007 to form his own outfit which he has now merged with 84-year-old BJP deserter Keshubhai Patel’s Gujarat Parivartan Party.

One by one, every senior leader in the Sangh Parivar has been made irrelevant. Keshubhai Patel, Zadaphia, Suresh Mehta, AK Patel, Kashiram Rana, the list goes on. VHP leader Pravin Togadia is a shadow of his old belligerent self and senior RSS leader Sanjay Joshi, known as much for his organisational skills as his rivalry with Modi, has been exiled to Delhi. So strong is Modi’s dislike for Joshi that he refused to attend the last BJP national executive meet in Mumbai if Joshi was present. The leadership finally bowed to Modi’s pressure and sidelined Joshi.

A person who has worked with a former minister in Modi’s cabinet spoke of how between 2002 and 2007 he created a back-up for party organisation. Modi appointed five gramsewaks in each of Gujarat’s 18,000 villages. These were local, educated youth, loyal to the crown. They have a say in local decision-making such as allocating funds, forming self-help groups and grading them for loan eligibility. They became key grassroots players and were a useful influence during elections. “Ministers hardly have a role in this government. It is run by bureaucrats. Even the ministers’ performance is evaluated by them,” the person says. Local administration offices are connected with high-speed internet and video-conferencing equipment. It helps senior officials sitting at the headquarters monitor progress of government projects at the ground level. It also doubles up as the backbone of Modi’s public relations machinery, says an official.

Government officials have another key role to play. Large gatherings such as Garib Kalyan Melas (fairs for the welfare of the poor) are managed by the collectors and choreographed to the minutest detail, including camera placements. Instructions are passed on through video conferencing. Broadband connections help in sending high-resolution pictures of Modi that are to be used on hoardings and posters. Jobs such as arranging buses that transport crowds to the venue, organising lunch packets for those attending and erecting pandals are farmed out to local officials. Senior district officials are later expected to send detailed reports of the event. A veteran journalist in Ahmedabad said that at a Garib Kalyan Mela in Banaskantha district some months ago, the chief minister had distributed cheques to the poor. Some of the envelopes turned out to be empty. Apparently, the officials were unable to process all the applications in time.

This unrelenting pressure is beginning to tell. Schoolteachers I met in a village say they are made to do data gathering work. A senior official told me a lot of his time is spent in organising melas. “Each employee is working on these melas at least 150 days in a year,” he says. Compounding their problem is the fact that the state has not recruited significant number of people in Grades 2 and 3 since 1987, except for posts that were urgent. In the next one year, about 40 percent of the current employees are expected to retire, the official said.

Modi came up with an ingenious way to economise on resources. The government hired people on fixed-pay contracts. Called Lok Rakshak for police constables, Vidya Sahayak for teachers and Vidyut Sahayak for electricity workers, they had five-year tenures after which they were eligible for permanent employment as freshers. They were paid as little as Rs 2,500 per month. Helpers in prisons and courts were paid just Rs 1,500 per month. There are about five lakh such employees.

An Ahmedabad-based human rights organisation, Yogkshem Foundation for Human Dignity, filed a PIL in the Gujarat High Court against this practice and the court, in an interim order, asked the government to raise the pay to a minimum of Rs 4,500 per month. “The government was enforcing minimum wages in the private sector but was flouting its own laws with impunity,” said lawyer and Yogkshem founder-president Rajendra Shukla. Last December, the High Court ruled that the policy was wrong and that the government should pay the difference in wages for all the years. Making up for this amount will cost the state exchequer at least Rs 10,000 crore. It has appealed in the Supreme Court where the case is pending.

Narendra Modi: Role Model of Governance?

While it can be argued that all of these initiatives were put in place to fast track growth, Gujarat has fallen behind on some key development indices. Malnutrition among children, especially in the tribal belt of eastern Gujarat, is high. A high incidence of anaemia has been reported even among middle class women. Infant mortality rate in the state has dropped to 44 per thousand births from 48 five years ago. But it is much worse than other industrialised states like Tamil Nadu (24) and Maharashtra (30).

While Modi urges new car owners to use public transport as much as possible, during the years he has been chief minister, the fleet size of the Gujarat State Transport Corporation shrank from 10,048 to 7,621, of which only 6,327 are on the roads on an average day, according to the Socio-Economic Survey, Gujarat State, 2011-12.

Despite high industrial growth, the number of educated job-seekers registered with employment exchanges in the state rose by 16 percent in the last five years. Since 1995, the private sector has added only 5.6 lakh jobs while public sector jobs shrank from 9.7 lakh to 7.94 lakh in 2011. This means, net jobs created over 16 years was just about 24,000 each year. And in a state where women can fearlessly walk the streets unaccompanied even late in the night, the share of women workers in private sector jobs has stayed at 10 percent for 16 years, data from the survey show.

Modi has also been unable to complete Gujarat’s flagship development project, the Sardar Sarovar dam and irrigation project, which would have benefited about a million farmers. Less than a third of the distribution system is finished. “The dam was a priority but not the canals because the dam was visibly big and attractive,” Shreyans Shah of Gujarat Samachar says.

I asked YK Alagh, agricultural economist and the man who conceived the project down to the last mile delivery of water to about 1.8 million hectares for a million farmers, on what went wrong. “In the last decade, Gujarat’s agriculture grew fast. But to say it was 8-10 percent is incorrect,” he said. Alagh, who is now chairman of Institute of Rural Management (IRMA) and chancellor of Gujarat Central University, said, “Growth in dry land agriculture—and our irrigation coverage is still low—fluctuates, and two statistical sins are unforgivable. One is to take bad initial and good terminal years.” But agricultural growth in Gujarat is the highest in the country, perhaps even in the world. The real rate though may be close to six percent, he said.

There are other glaring incongruities on the ground. In Patan Assembly constituency, represented by Anandiben Patel, revenue minister and one of the few people close to Modi, farmers complain of discrimination. In spite of Jyotigram Yojana, a successful power management plan with a dedicated supply line for agriculture, farmers in Jamtha, a small village in the constituency with a voter population of 700, say they have not had power for two months, save two days. “We’ve been singled out,” sarpanch Shobhaji Jumaji says, “because the village votes for the Congress.’’ In the last election, only 18 voted for the BJP. He claims Patel has been openly saying things will get better only for those villages that vote for her.

Beneath the visible development in Gujarat, there is an undercurrent of authoritarian power. “People do not realise that democracy is at stake,’’ says Hemant Shah, professor of economics at HK College of Arts in Ahmedabad and a trenchant critic of Modi. Shah, who has published several articles demolishing Modi’s claims of growth and prosperity, says the chief minister has killed debate in the state.

Some countries such as Singapore and China have benefited in economy management and infrastructure creation under autocratic regimes. But examples from the world over have shown democracy ultimately pays better dividends apart from the obvious benefit of individual freedom. In two comprehensive studies, political scientists Nicholas Charron and Victor Lapuente say that sometimes authoritarian regimes are able to perform better than democratic governments but usually only in the short run and for brief periods. In personalist regimes, “the state becomes an extension of a single individual”, they find. “The impact of democratisation on quality of government is contingent upon levels of economic wealth: At low levels of economic development, democracy is expected to have a negative effect on quality of government, while at higher levels a positive relationship is expected,” they argue. The evidence? Sweden, Switzerland and New Zealand have high levels of economic wealth and greater democracy. Authoritarian governments in China, Qatar and Swaziland have managed to shore up their economies.

Modi’s rule can be best described as personalist, where the state apparatus is geared to do his bidding. One of the main jobs of the apparatus, while delivering governance is also to remind the people who brought it to them. “Modi has no regards for anyone. He has no friends,’’ says Zadaphia, who began his career as a marketing manager with Gabriel and later became an RSS general secretary in Gujarat. The other general secretary was Narendra Modi. Zadaphia was also a minister of state for home in the first Modi government in 2002. I met him the day after Maya Kodnani and others were convicted. When asked about it, he declined comment. “I will not say anything about the cases,’’ he said. Zadaphia, however, had a lot to say about Modi. “We never asked to remove Modi. We only asked for a change of style of functioning.”

As I watched from the plane lights in the twin cities of Ahmedabad and Gandhinagar fade in the distance, I wondered why businesspeople consider Gujarat to be their Mecca. I could think of a few reasons, none of which had anything to do with Modi. Gujaratis, it is well known, are enterprising people. The average Gujarati would prefer to start a business rather than work for anyone. As Alagh says, “Gujarat was never big on importing foreign investment, but it was always a technology importer.”

Shreyans Shah of Gujarat Samachar says the state benefited immensely from the White Revolution started by Verghese Kurien. Earnings from agriculture and dairy flowed to the capital markets and savings. The state was blessed with leaders like Jivraj Mehta who laid the foundations of public sector industry; Madhav Sinh Solanki who wanted industrial parks in each of the 184 tehsils and even Keshubhai Patel who began massive watershed development with check dams in Saurashtra.

Narendra Modi has inherited a relatively well-functioning state and improved on it with his own brand of governance that works without consultation and debate. Running a relatively homogenous Gujarat like a personal fiefdom is one thing and managing a volatile, diverse country is quite another. That calls for cooperation, compromise, persuasion and deliberation—not exactly qualities associated with Modi. His own party in the state is an example. As Zadaphia says: “In Gujarat, BJP is Modi and Modi is BJP.”

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(This story appears in the 28 September, 2012 issue of Forbes India. To visit our Archives, click here.)

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Comments 79

Dr.a.jagadeesh

Very exhaustive article. No doubt Gujarat advanced industrially. A parallel can be drawn between Gujarat under Narendra Modi’s regime as Chief Minister and Andhra Pradesh under N.Chandrababu Naidu’s regime as Chief Minister. Both concentrated on High Tech. In Chandrababu Naidu’s case Monsoon played havoc. Lack of rains and too much concentration on IT, ignoring Farmer’s welfare cost him the power. India is basically a Agrarian country with Agrarian economy and Gujarat State cannot be an exception. Side by side with Industrial Growth, Farmers prosperity should be ensured. Let us first look at consumption expenditure, or spending on goods and services. The percent of people in poverty (below the cut-off) decreased from 2004-2005 to 2011-2012 in all states except three, according to the planning commission's data and based on its definition of the poverty line for different states. State 2004-05 2011 – 12 % point decline % decline Andhra Pradesh 29.9 9.2 20.7 69 Kerala 19.7 7.1 12.6 64 Tamil Nadu 28.9 11.3 17.6 61 Punjab 20.9 8.3 12.6 60 Rajasthan 34.4 14.7 19.7 57 Maharashtra 38.1 17.4 20.7 54 Haryana 24.1 11.2 12.9 54 Gujarat 31.8 16.6 15.2 48 But the extent of the decline varied across states, and here, of all big states, Gujarat ranked 8th in percentage decline (column 4) of the percentage of people below the poverty line. Here are some People's Policies for prosperity for your consideration Narendra Modiji: There are millions of acres of waste land in the country. In this vast land care-free growth plants like Agave and Opuntia can be grown. Both are CAM Plants and regenerative. Being CAM Plants they can act as Carbon Sing when grown on a massive scale.There are several uses of these plants. Agave thrives in desert regions and is traditionally used to produce liquors such as tequila in Mexico. It has a rosette of thick fleshy leaves, each of which usually end in a sharp point with a spiny margin. Commonly mistaken for cacti, the agave plant is actually closely related to the lily and amaryllis families. The plants use water and soil more efficiently than any other plant or tree in the world, Arturo said. "This is a scientific fact—they don't require watering or fertilizing and they can absorb carbon dioxide during the night.The plants annually produce up to 500 metric tons of biomass per hectare, Agave(Americana),Sisal Agave is a multiple use plant which has 10% fermentable sugars and rich in cellulose. The fibre is used in rope making and also for weaving clothes in Philippines under the trade name DIP-DRY. In Brazil a paper factory runs on sisal as input. A Steroid HECOGENIN is extracted from this plant leaves. Since on putrification,it produces methane gas, it can be cut and used as input in biogas plants. Also in Kenya and Lesotho dried pieces of Agave are mixed with concrete since it has fibres which act as binding. Agave Competitive Advantages: Thrives on dry land/marginal land. Most efficient use of soil, water and light. Massive production. Year-around harvesting. Very high yields with very low or no inputs Very high quality biomass and sugars Very low cost of production. Not a commodity, so prices are not volatile Very versatile: biofuels, bioproducts, chemicals World-wide geographical distribution Enhanced varieties are ready Biofuel,Biogas and subsequent power generation as decentralised power utilising local resources and resourcefulness is the need of the hour. About 10 acres of waste land can be given on lease to Unemployed youth and 10 such youth can form a CO-OPERATIVE. This way vast wasteland can be brought under use and provides employment in rural areas. More than energy generation energy conservation yields immediate results. Enormous wastage of power occurs in Agricultural pump sets which are old. These are inefficient. A scheme can be chalked out to replace the old electric pumpsets with more efficient ones. A 5 HP Electric motor costs about Rs 20,000. A subsidy of Rs 15,000 can be provided to each Farmer. When for a large Solar Pump which costs Rs 6 lakhs,subsidy of Rs 5 lakhs provided,Rs 15,000 is peanuts. On the other hand the electricity saved from Advanced electric pump sets will find use in lighting,computers ,industry etc. as Electricity is a High Grade Energy. The agricultural sector accounts for about 30% of electricity consumption in India. The largest population of inefficient pumps and systems is also to be found in this sector. Two factors that adversely impact electricity consumption are, efficiency of the pumping system, and inadequate standards for motors and pump-sets. ICPCI{ International Copper Promotion Council (India)} is involved in several initiatives targeted at improving the equipment and distribution system efficiencies in the Agricultural sector. They have expertise and experience in : 1. Propagate the use of Energy Efficient Motors for energy savings, in Industries. 2. Promote the use of high efficiency motors and pumps in the Agricultural sector. Expertise from organisations like ICPCI can be availed by Government of India and State Governments in going in for high efficient agricultural Electric Motors. Even a 10 to 20 % efficiency in Electric Motors contributes much to the power demand in the country In the Schools and Colleges Occupational Skills can be taught. NCC/NSS should be made compulsory in Private Educational Institutes also. Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India Renewable Energy Expert
on Apr 25, 2014
Vishaka

let us put our hands together to see NAMO as our PM.. we as INDIANS must contribute...
on Apr 19, 2014
Amitesh

Modi ranks at the top of social media... I am sure it\'s difficult to stop him this time around... http://sociota.net/report/184
on Apr 16, 2014
Anita

Had been to Gujarat recently.this man has really done a lot for Gujarat .as India\'s P.M. He wld do a fantastic job.
on Jan 5, 2014
Chirag Joshi

modi P.M Banane chahiye tabhi des me mahengai ghategi
on Aug 23, 2013
Anita

Raja Harishchandra, the name always bonded with Truth, Sacrifice and Commitment. At the cost of these qualities he had to suffer through lots of agony. Not only he but his family also experienced calamity. Hence he was dignified as “Satyavaadi” Raja Harishchandra. But in today\'s 21st century, nobody either bothers about lie, false commitments or keeping words. We commit many betrays just sake of own fulfillment. We reiterate breaking as many promises as we can to afford self pleasure. Difficult to believe we are born and grown up on the same motherland on which Raja Harishchandra ruled once.
on Aug 10, 2013
Nikhil

He is best bet in the present situation for India... I admire him a lot for his dedication for the nation and I dream of a strong forward moving India that takes on China under his rule .. ! Ur write up is very very precise about a persons character .. Probably if u are scrutinised by someone they can write many negatives. Please see positives. He is the best for the nation now
on Jul 6, 2013
Deepali Dhanotia

Narendra Modi is the leader of the nation\'s best. Not only the state, for the development of the country and need to get rid of looters.
on Dec 20, 2012
Nilesh

Hmmm... I like to say that Narendra Modi is only a person who deserve the place for PM of India. No one can do this job better then him. He is person who make Gujarat well developed state. Being a part growth and being a part of Narendra Modi
on Dec 5, 2012
Ksp

There is not a single instance where in you have appreciated Narendra Modi\'s good governance. You have been mentioned it as other person\'s view, as if you have never witnessed it. This is one of the instancees where in media is trying to fill one sided negative opinions in the minds of the people. Also there is not a single instance where Modi\'s governance compared with UPA\'s governance - because in all the areas Modi easily outplay UPA which has more power than him and overall Modai undoubtedly out plays the UPA government. Atlast all the author had praises for ex-CMs which are from Congress and Keshubhai Patel who is a anti Modi. But not a single instance of appreciation for Modi.
on Nov 21, 2012
Rutuparna Karandikar

In my mind, like in that of many Indians, Narendra Modi is inexplicably linked to February 2002 riots...sorry we disagree with you...we see him as an ideal leader and reminds to us the development that he has done to the state of gujrat..
on Nov 20, 2012
Draksharam

That authoritarian power is being given by people of Gujarat through successive election 2/3rd majority mandates. So, it\'s not authoritarian(crushing people\'s mandate) but decisive, result-giving rule\'s laurels won from it\'s people. So, please mind your \'word\' usage.
on Nov 10, 2012
P.satyanarayana Reddy

i wish to see Narendra modi ji as prime minister of india.
on Oct 29, 2012
Nand Kishore Bagdi

In the present senerio Narendra Modiji is the most capable to become the PM.This should be the wish of every indian citizen
on Oct 27, 2012
Vidhan

He is very good Chief Minister of Gujarat
on Oct 27, 2012
Nand Kishore Bagdi

Indians have to unite for country\'s devlopment
on Oct 26, 2012
Harsha Bennur

It is very apparent from your narrative that you have begun the research for this article with a pre conceived notion. You seem to be oblivious to the fact that similar/worse practices exist in all other states in India. You are specifically looking for exceptions in the Gujarat growth story than look at the bigger picture. In the veil of a researched article, this is another bold case of sold out journos dancing to the tunes of their political masters. Wake up! All political parties have their Achilles heel. But Modi has more strengths than weaknesses.
on Oct 23, 2012
Krishnom

Journalists like you always talk about violence against Muslim like a parrot. But you rarely talk about violence against Sikhs (Congress leaders got about 10,000 killed mercilessly; rape and murder of children in larger scale), or massive violence against Hindus.
on Oct 18, 2012
Avedesh Kumar Sharma

ham sab chahte hain ki next p.m. narendar modi g hi ho .good luck
on Oct 18, 2012
Anonymous

Modi deserves the post for pm, he made Gujarat the fast progressive Country in India. when he was appointed as a chief minister there was nothing in Gujarat but with so many missions like Sabarmati riverfront, Balam Sukham and many more Gujarat has retain heights in the field of development....
on Oct 17, 2012
Arun Sharma

Are you telling a story of your visit to Gujrat ? By the way, I find your heading totally meaningless . Moreover, I\'ll advise to rename it to \" My visit to Gujrat \" . I request you tell me the purpose of writing this article and I will you what it actually served.
on Oct 16, 2012
Gajendra

Hame swarajya kab milega or kaise?
on Oct 15, 2012
Kaliprasad Mishra

modiji we Oriya people gladly accept you.our people are gating job in Gujarat, staying at Surat are very happy in your administration. for that thanks
on Oct 13, 2012
Kaliprasad Mishra (odisa)

narendra modi is real indian hero.
on Oct 13, 2012
NaMo

Awesome article, to convey a message to the people of our society that how politics influence our society. 11 years ago Gujarat had no name in the history of development, when modi became CM he make drastic changes in Gujarat. Modi has nothing to do with the peoples votes, money of government, all he has to do is to serve his country and people of his country.
on Oct 13, 2012
Ajay Ks

What is wrong with authoritarian power as long as it is focused on development. None of the examples give above are in the right context. Media\'s role should be to objectively put forward a well conceived perspective based on logic and facts. Unfortunately, the above article doesn\'t do so. It definitely seems like a paid article for benefit of particular political party.
on Oct 12, 2012
Vivek

After reading this article, I can be sure that media is heavily influenced by the politics. I don\'t want to say anyfurther., I am definitely not subscribing forbes printed edition and I will try to cancel my current subscription if possible because I don\'t want to fill my mind with biased perception created by a paid article. I always verify the details before believing.
on Oct 12, 2012
- Aakash Surana
  
  If you want to cancel your subscription because the author took pains and went to Gujarat to verify what he had heard and is now giving us a beautiful narration of it, you are most welcome to do so. People like you can go to any extent. Go verify from the people of Gujarat.
  on Jun 10, 2013
Shubham

You know what, in current day politics and situation of India he is only person who can bring change. One more thing some times king has to take tough decisions to save his country.
on Oct 10, 2012
Vijendra Kapur

Why it generally happens with Media to chase a guy who is chasing the development. I stay in Delhi, and still visiting thrice in last decade we can see the impact of Modi and development in Gujarat.
on Oct 7, 2012
Vishnu

The guys who are telling Modi dont have friends are those who arent allowed by Modi to milk the system as they were accustomed to.. A CM of a state is ultimately responsible to people not to any one particular chosen minister or a businessman who didnt get his way. Seriously whats wrong with this guy to write such a biased article. Walk on any street in Indian cities and you invariably step into a poodle of sewage. The authour has seen from his own eyes in Ahmedabad the new promenades, the river being filled with clean Narmanda water and more spaced roads but for his blinded eyes all that has come without Modi's initiative. So many Indian cities are in shambles, cant you have a word of praise for someone who has turned the indifferent system upside down? Sending AUDA chief to Rajya Sabha can be seen as a reward by Modi to work done well. But you try to insinuate to suggest something more sinister without any iota of proof whatsoever. "arable land in the state had increased by 37 lakh hectares. Land covered by micro-irrigation projects alone had increased from less than 1,000 acres to over seven lakh hectares in the decade of his rule"- can you appreciate how Gigantic these achievements are juxtaposed with 0.1% increase in irrigated land for Rs70,000 crores spent in the neighbouring state? The author seems more than jealous at Modi's stupendous success, he somehow wants to belittle him at any cost. otherwise whats the point of bringing Modi waiting at the studio during his early years etc. Every self-made great man started from humble beginnings and they say it proudly. Obama was an unknown first time senator just a very few years ago, does that make him punier as the President? But it seems this topic is brought up here to belittle Modi's stature
on Oct 5, 2012
Praveen

Seems a mud slinging article on NAMO
on Oct 5, 2012
Vishnu

this writer trying to create a spin has tied himslef up in knots.. on one hand he says Modi publicity is to remind people who brought the benefits and then other places he gives credit for Gujrats develoment to every Tom Dick and Harry but Modi..just cant imagine how freaking this is to compare Gujrat to China and Qatar.. comparing one party rule and dynasty to an electotral democracy..shows how much they want to malign Modi
on Oct 5, 2012
Som Sengupta

Can any progress be achieved in a country like India without a generous dose of authoritarianism? Look at the shambles that is coalition politics which tries to satisfy every political ego and achieves nothing. So what is the author going on and on about Modi being authoritarian? Would you prefer to have electricity in your home or a leader who is trying to please everyone most of whom are not remotely competent as he is. Modi\'s achievements are extraordinary in a country like India and he has ignited hope midst millions even outside his state who have grown cynical after decades of rampant corruption and incompetence from the Congress. Unfortunately this article is biased and small minded, highlighting petty failings which are statistically insignificant. Does Forbes really have to publish such third rate journalism?
on Oct 4, 2012
- Vishnu
  
  cant agree more with you Som. I had lot of respect for Forbes, now I have my doubts.. even stooges of opposition party couldnt have written a more biased article!.. instead of praising the progress made that has bettered millions of peoples lives, this author is harping on personality quirks quoted by anaonymous persons as if hes juding a Big Boss show!.. just loads of BS in this huys head
  on Oct 5, 2012
Ritika Khanna

BIGGEST ENEMY of Narendra MODI is NARENDRA Modi HIMSELF. He is Arrogant to partymen, Cheap towards political opponents, Mischievous towards sensitive issues, Autocratic in democratic setup, Back-stabber within organization, Liar to the core, Servant to the Corporates, Over-ambitious in Politics, Friends to none, Enemy to many, Wrong-doer to his wife, Faker at Sadbhavna stage-managed shows, Self-centric, Publicity-hungry, (to be continued). Please do not consider anti-Modi being automatically pro-Congress. Congress is equally pro-rich, pro-corporates, anti-poor, tactfully communal and goonda party. Time to think beyond both these parties. Gujarat has got no strong and better options against these two equally ghatia parties but rest of India is not yet so unlucky.
on Oct 4, 2012
Neeru

I would prefer an autocrat instead of scamsters in india...this article truly reflects that congress person has bribed the journalist to write all this.....we are not blind that we cant see the progress of the state. And a leader has to lead like this only. he has to have his own opinion and he should know ways to get his plans implemented for the betterment of the constituency or the state. And it should not be like our other leaders who leave the implementation part to babus and keep on announcing new plans without caring whether the last one was implemented or not.
on Oct 3, 2012
Krishna

Very cunningly written paid-media article. One simple sentence: No politician after independence has done for the common man what Narendra Modi has done for the people of Gujarat.
on Oct 2, 2012
- Neeru
  
  Totally agree with you. Sonia Gandhi seems to have bought this magazine. She appears among the top 500 woman in this magazine god knows for what reasons. And Mr. Modi who does so much work is criticized by this magazine. Paid media..paid media and paid journalist. And one more thing Mr journalist at one point you say Mr. Modi is a very media friendly advertiser etc but you are not able to get appointment with him. Please decide whether he speaks and talks to the media or not and whether he is media friendly or not.
  on Oct 3, 2012
A Shivananda Pai

Media should give vide publicity about how Mr Modiji has transformed Gujarat so that all the other State Governments will follow suit, and thus making our County prosperous
on Oct 1, 2012
Henry Smith

C grade journalism.
on Oct 1, 2012
Ronald

This Journalist comes to us under the guise of Neutrality. Yet he only interviews "anti-Modi" people. He chooses a village with Electricity problem but ignores the 99% others with no problem. But, the letter urges recipients to use public transport to save fuel and reduce pollution; and that when they do use their own cars, to observe traffic rules carefully. So this neutral journalist wants us to believe that urging people in a Chaotic India to drive carefully and lower pollution is a bad thing. Its propaganda. Local administration offices are connected with high-speed internet and video-conferencing equipment. It helps senior officials sitting at the headquarters monitor progress of government projects at the ground level. It also doubles up as the backbone of Modi'€™s public relations machinery, says an official SO this journalist wants us to conclude that the efficient delivery of government services is a bad thing because it reinforces the good image of Modi. Talk about throwing the baby out with the bathwater !!! Come on Mr. Narayanan, I would have respected you even more had you shown your true color rather than come as someone with your argument already made just looking for the people to support it. Shameless, typical left-liberal type.
on Oct 1, 2012
Shreyas Puranik

The article first presents a rosy picture of Modis\'s governance and follows it up with its shortcomings. Not Bad!!! But every time it comes back to GODHRA riots. It was a bad patch and the law is taking its due course in that case. Why look at something with only antagonistic view? Gujarat state is definitely a role model state and other states should follow the course. It is amply correct that democracy benefits in the long run, but why say Modi\'s rule is authoritarian only because it has shown development?
on Sep 27, 2012
Satish

When you are measuring Modi\'s performance, compare it with the performance of other indian CMs. Dat way, it helps the reader understand who stands where and how modi fares against others. When you are talking about development or under-development, compare it against the level which modi inherited... Remember its impossible for any one to make an Indian state reach the level of development of US in a span of 11 years... when writing articles, please be unbiased...
on Sep 27, 2012
Ab

What are the yardsticks for assessing a chief minister. I have been an avid reader of Forbes since its launch in India but I am disappointed to say that instead of doing an objective assessment of what Gujarat or Modi have acheived, Forbes has published a politically inspired story. It is a pity!
on Sep 26, 2012
- Pixie
  
  I agree . . . . Forbes is a BIG thing , and this report is unmatured stretching discussion against a DESHPREMI. . . . Come here in "SWAMI VIVEKANAND YUVA VIKAS YATRA" . . . he says to youngsters, "we are India , Why should we compromise ?"
  on Sep 28, 2012
Sanjeev Nayyar

Dinesh I have number of comments to make so will do so one by one. How could a story on Gujarat miss talking about the Power Sector Reforms which are widely appreciated. More so in a country plagued by power shortages. Mention to Jyoti Gram Yojana is in the passing n a small part of the reforms. Here in MINT editorial titled \'Electricity lessons from Gujarat\'. http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/dpSGFxjMneU3R7Yb7vT1yN/Views--Electricity-lessons-from-Gujarat.html
on Sep 26, 2012
- Dinesh Narayanan
  
  Thanks for the comment Sanjeev. I did mention the Jyoti Gram Yojana only in passing. That is because each issue in Gujarat can be debated in as many words as this entire story is written. But just to give perspective to the power surplus status of Gujarat: The state has about five lakh applications for power connection pending. It is not really an achievement to say that you give 24-hour power to everyone when you are depriving so many people of power. See link below. It is a report from the assembly. http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/industry-and-economy/agri-biz/article2954610.ece
  on Sep 28, 2012
  - Gujarati
    
    Dinesh your link has no analysis of who is not receiving power and why. Electricity is not free and among the first thing of many that were done to make elecricity effecient in Gujarat was to cut off electricity from people who were stealing it and many of those were farmers and even high profile ppl like keshubhais son in law for his factory. Criticism or policies can be debated but do you really think that people of Gujarat are that stupid to keep modi in power if all he is doing is marketing?
    on Oct 1, 2012
  - Neeru
    
    Mr Journalist, can you please let us know how many applications are pending in UP, Delhi, Haryana and other 26 states of the country.
    on Oct 3, 2012
Manjunaath T

It so happens that when 2002 riots are mentioned, no reporter talks about the hindus killed in the train. And the reporter who doesn't have the moral courage to mention it, should not write at all. Shame. Complete bias by Forbes, seriously makes me think, "Is Forbes this cheap?"
on Sep 25, 2012
- Yash
  
  Exactly! These pseudo-secularists and 'intellectuals' somehow are only about how the Muslims were killed, but never once do they name the aggressor. Muslims are described as brutally murdered, but never once do they remark that Hindus were brutally burned by the Muslims and exactly how that happened or that there was no provocation. Either they are actually that intellectually dim, or they think they can fool people by loudly saying one thing over and over. My solution is that I simply stop reading such magazines.
  on Sep 29, 2012
Ajay

For me it simply looked like nothing more than a report from Modi\'s opposition!! No one can be good to all...if that happens, it merely shows the administration is compromised. He had to take some tough decisions being a leader. No one can solve all problems...atleast he is on his way towards the progress of the state. For me, all above negativity can be easily overlooked by the progress he have made with his projects! Surely, he has a long way to go!
on Sep 25, 2012
Sonu

Chattisgarh also has an authoritarian CM http://www.tehelka.com/story_main54.asp?filename=Ne290912Coverstory.asp
on Sep 25, 2012
Rajeev

Nothing new in these five pages, a business writer attempting a political profile does not work. there is no conclusion here, lot of old tid bits of info on Modi, but nothing concrete . The only reason presented is than he cannot become a PM because he is an authoritarian CM . Nothing new in this argument too.
on Sep 25, 2012
Narayanadas Upadhyayula

Grudging admiration for Narendra Modi. Cliched criticism. Projecting Congress\' viewpoint. Commissioned by Congress? Isn\'t Congress dictatorial/dynastic? BTW what does this mean: \"This article appeared in Forbes India Magazine of 28 September, 2012\"? Is this an advance copy?
on Sep 25, 2012
Sanjeev

Same old rehashed information. Talk to three detractors, look at the BRT corridor in Ahemdabad, Gift, weave in a few quotes about the agriculture, malnutrition, GDP growth and you have a cover story. Very loose story, absolutely no insight a lot of rehashed information. Forbes should keep away from Political covers as they don\'t have the expertise. Remember the covers on Rahul which was again so wrong.
on Sep 25, 2012
T90

so con(gress) has greased forbes as well... Sonia Gandhi is the most controversial Italian-Indian ever... any article on her? Doe you have guts/intelligence to report on her black money? Do read this: http://www.weeklyblitz.net/2584/sonia-gandhi-4th-richest-politician-in-the-world
on Sep 25, 2012
Gujarati

\"I wondered why businesspeople consider Gujarat to be their Mecca. I could think of a few reasons, none of which had anything to do with Modi. Gujaratis, it is well known, are enterprising people.\" So the enterprising smart self sufficient Gujarati\'s did not benefit from Modi\'s Autocratic, highly marketed machine like undemocratic government, YET the same Gujarati\'s are too dumb to see this whole marketing ploy and keep voting Modi back to power with huge majorities and might just give him a bigger majority once again. Wow.
on Sep 24, 2012
Sachin

Again a journalist who is praising Modi solely becuase he had few roads laid down, few buildings put and few schemes put on the paper, what the author is not doing is look at the holistic picture all the developing and under developed nations are developing including in Africa, it does not mean that one lay heaps of praises on a Mass murderer, by that yard stick one would eventually lead to praising another mass murderer in the history i.e Hitler, the "development" projects that the Indian media and journalists are so crazy about were much more ahead of time and better than Narendra Modi's. In short being agnostic to the crimes perpetrated by a criminal like Modi who has been denied visa by the US state Department and his ministers have been arrested for their involvement in the genocide against Muslims is tantamount to approving his agenda of hate i.e of Hindutva seeking the destruction of religious minorities like Muslims, Christians and evetually the Sikhs in India.
on Sep 24, 2012
Mohan

This is another anti Modi journalist who is unable to pin anything on Modi! Does congress practice democracy? Is there leaders in congress who can win on their own?
on Sep 24, 2012
Rohit

Who says there is autocratic rule in Gujarat, it may feel like that to corrupt ministers, bureaucrats, media owners but people and honest officers are very happy and free. Shreyansh Shah, owner of Gujarat Samachar is dubious and blackmailing character and his business of blackmailing has got dented by Modi Govt. Also since Modi allowed new newspaper of Divya Bhaskar which has eaten up half business of Gujarat Samachar, he is always anti Modi. Don't forget it was Gujarat Samachar and company which published highly communal reports of Muslim gangs and goons killing, abducting, raping, harassing etc. and did create lot of anger in Hindus all round state who did retaliate in 2002 due to that anger.
on Sep 24, 2012
Biswadeep Rath

A reason that Narendra Modi comes across as Authoritarian is because we Indians are used to policies that are meant to appease and not necessarily achieve any more mileage than that. Appeasement that is sometimes meant for a plotical ally, sometimes for a foreign country and sometimes for an internal community. A man who has a vision, has an iron will (and an iron hand) to make that vision come true, will undoubtedly seem undemocratic and totalitarian. The epidemic of scandals that has plagued New Delhi for a while now, makes me say only one thing - "Desperate times call for Desperate Measures". Modi might not be someone who will go down in textbooks as a hero (even though he might wish to), but he is the leader India needs "at the moment" to set our house in order!
on Sep 24, 2012
Siddhit Sanghavi

You've balanced the article well by beginning with the negatives of Modi and then focusing on his achievements. But why are you trying to show it as some sort of redemption for past actions? When you mention riots, why do you media people always forget the Hindus murdered before the riots occurred? Is it because it's too small a number? Or because Hindus should have unending magnanimity and tolerance towards minorities. There's no dearth of partisan magazines in India so please be objective. The people who you call up for subscriptions are intelligent enough to understand politics.
on Sep 24, 2012
- Bharat Gohil
  
  Totally agree with you.Media always show post riot.what about who died in train.
  on Sep 24, 2012
Sachi Mohanty

Clearly Mr. Modi is a lightening rod in Indian politics. Is it the fate of India that we have to hail Hitlerian leaders if we desire merely to have honest democratic politicians? Do we really need rulers in a democracy? Are we so infantile as a nation? I have written about him often. http://www.explainingindia.blogspot.in/#uds-search-results Twitter: @sachi_bbsr
on Sep 24, 2012
- Vikram Kopppikar
  
  Sachi, the answer unfortunately, seems to be yes!!
  on Sep 24, 2012
Saumya Gupta

I am reading such a well-written article in an Indian magazine after such a long time. The article reflects how much research and hard work has been done. Also presents both sides of the story, so very unlike other journalists. Thanks Mr. Narayanan, for restoring my faith in journalism. :-)
on Sep 24, 2012
Kishan Kalal

lot,s of mimister in narendra modi goverment including in corruption no dout narendrabhai waste 200rs carore in sadbhavna
on Sep 24, 2012
- Dhruv
  
  Rs 200 crore in sadbhavna??..dude .... ITs not wastage ... u will never know what is the problem in "aam Janta"..until u interact with them directly ... this is the unique way where they interact and Get the problems from the people and solve it out ... yaa agree Marketing was there .. but just think if he can't do it u will never know what kind of changes done ... or what kind of facilities improved ... How we got the best e- governance in the world ... I request you first get the knowledge of Business, Marketing, Politics, CRM then enter ... sadbhavna is Public relationship ... and without relationship never understand the problem.... Just think what will you do if u r there ... "Even pan galla wala advising Sachin that you should play like this ... i am still wondering how they can make point on that .... " thats what you are doing here ... first be the player
  on Sep 24, 2012
  - Arpit R
    
    Dude this guy is congress PR. He\'s commenting randomly on every article about modi in every publication. Don\'t take him seriously.
    on Sep 25, 2012

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