From Moidams in India to archaeological site of Gedi, discover UNESCO's latest World Heritage treasures

Hegmataneh in Iran. Image credit: Shutterstock

Hegmataneh, Iran

The ancient site of Hegmataneh in northwestern Iran has been continuously inhabited for nearly 3,000 years. It offers rare insights into the Medes civilisation from the 7th and 6th centuries BCE and later became a summer capital for Achaemenid, Seleucid, Parthian, and Sasanian rulers.

Nelson Mandela Legacy sites, South Africa

These sites represent South Africa's fight for human rights, liberation, and reconciliation. It includes 14 locations across the country, each linked to key events in South Africa's 20th-century political history.

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Melka Kunture and Balchit, Ethiopia

In Ethiopia's Upper Awash Valley, this site is a cluster of prehistoric locations that preserve evidence of early human occupation from two million years ago. The sites have yielded fossils of Homo erectus, Homo heidelbergensis, and archaic Homo sapiens, along with tools made from volcanic rocks, all found in well-dated layers.

 Moidams, India

Located in the foothills of the Patkai Ranges in eastern Assam, this site is the royal necropolis of the Tai-Ahom. Over 600 years, they built 90 moidams (burial mounds) that blend with the natural landscape of hills, forests, and water. These mounds contain the remains of kings and royals and grave goods like food and elephants.

Phu Phrabat Bat Historical Park in Thailand. Image credit: Shutterstock

Phu Phrabat Bat Historical Park, Thailand

The Phu Phrabat Mountain area contains the world's largest collection of in-place Sīma stones from the Dvaravati period, showcasing a significant historical tradition. The placement of these stones and modifications to rock shelters have turned the natural landscape into a religious site. The rock paintings found in 47 rock shelters provide physical evidence of past human activity.

Royal Court of Tiébélé, Burkina Faso

This site is an earthen architectural complex from the 16th century, reflecting the social organisation and cultural values of the Kasena people. The Royal Court features buildings arranged in separate sections, with walls and passageways connecting to ceremonial and gathering areas outside the compound.

Sado Island Gold Mines, Japan. Image credit: Shutterstock

Sado Island Gold Mines, Japan

The Sado Island Gold Mines consists of several sites showcasing various traditional mining methods. The island is volcanic, with two parallel mountain ranges running from southwest to northeast, separated by the Kuninaka Plain.

Saint Hilarion Monastery / Tell Umm Amer, Palestine

The ruins of Saint Hilarion Monastery, also known as Tell Umm Amer, are located on coastal dunes in Nuseirat Municipality. Dating back to the 4th century, it is one of the earliest monastic sites in the Middle East.

Schwerin Residence Ensemble, Germany

Created mainly in the 19th century in the former capital of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin in northeast Germany, this property includes 38 elements, such as the Grand Duke's Residence Palace, manor houses, and sacred buildings. The buildings form a notable architectural ensemble, showcasing styles from neo-Renaissance to neo-Baroque and neo-Classical, with influences from the Italian Renaissance.

Niah National Park in Malaysia. Image credit: Shutterstock

Archaeological Heritage of Niah National Park's Caves Complex, Malaysia

Located near the west coast of Borneo Island in Niah National Park, this vast network of interconnected caves holds the longest known records of human interaction with rainforests. It covers approximately 50,000 years from the Pleistocene to the Mid-Holocene periods.

Cultural Landscape of Al-Faw Archaeological Area, Saudi Arabia

Located on key ancient trade routes in the Arabian Peninsula, this site was suddenly abandoned around the 5th century CE. It has yielded nearly 12,000 archaeological finds from prehistoric times to the Late pre-Islamic era, showing how three different populations adapted to changing environmental conditions over time.

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Pleistocene Occupation Sites, South Africa

 This site helps us understand the origins of modern human behaviour, cognitive abilities, and cultures. It includes three archaeological sites—Diepkloof Rock Shelter, Pinnacle Point Site Complex, and Sibhudu Cave—located in the Western Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa.

Historic Town and Archeological Site of Gedi, Kenya

The abandoned city of Gedi, surrounded by coastal forest and located away from the coastline, was a major Swahili city on the East African coast from the 10th to 17th centuries. It was a key hub in an extensive trade and cultural network that connected African coastal cities with Persia and beyond across the Indian Ocean.

Umm Al-Jimāl in Jordan. Image credit: Shutterstock

Umm Al-Jimāl, Jordan

This rural settlement in northern Jordan began around the 5th century CE on an earlier Roman settlement site and continued until the late 8th century CE. It features basalt structures from the Byzantine and Early Islamic periods, reflecting the local architecture of the Hauran region, and includes repurposed Roman military buildings.

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Via Appia, Italy

The Via Appia, stretching over 800 kilometres, is the oldest and most significant of the Ancient Roman roads. Built from 312 BCE to the 4th century CE, it was initially designed as a strategic route for military expansion into the East and Asia Minor.

Badain Jaran Desert, China

The Badain Jaran Desert, situated on the Alashan Plateau in northwestern China's arid desert region, is the country's third-largest desert and the second-largest drifting desert. It is where three sandy regions meet and showcases striking and unique desert landscapes and landforms.

Lençóis Maranhenses National Park, Brazil

Located on the east coast of Maranhão in northeastern Brazil, this site lies at the intersection of three Brazilian biomes: Cerrado, Caatinga, and Amazon. The park is crucial for biodiversity conservation and also has significant global aesthetic and geological value.

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The Flow Country, UK

Located in Scotland's Highland Region, this site is the best example of an actively growing blanket bog landscape. This peatland, accumulating for the past 9,000 years, supports unique bird species and features a remarkable variety of elements not found anywhere else on Earth.

Vjetrenica Cave, Ravno, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Located in the Dinaric mountain range, this site is notable for its rich cave biodiversity and unique species. Known since ancient times, its well-preserved karst topography is one of the world's top hotspots for cave-dwelling creatures, especially subterranean aquatic species.

Te Henua Enata – The Marquesas Islands, France

Located in the South Pacific Ocean, this site showcases the Marquesas archipelago's human occupation from around 1000 CE to the 19th century. It also features unique and well-preserved marine and terrestrial ecosystems, making it a key area for biodiversity.