Unemployment is a critical issue that continues to challenge the economic landscape of India. As one of the world"s most populous nations with a diverse workforce, fluctuations in the unemployment rate have far-reaching implications for the country"s growth and development. So, what is the current unemployment rate in India?
According to the India Employment Report 2024, created jointly by the Institute for Human Development and the International Labour Organisation (ILO), India"s working population increased from 61 percent in 2011 to 64 percent in 2021, and it is projected to reach 65 percent in 2036. However, the percent of youth involved in economic activities declined to 37 percent in 2022. Continued vigilance and effective policy measures remain crucial to foster sustainable job growth and secure the nation"s future prosperity.
In this blog, we discuss the current unemployment rate in India a little more in-depth, along with the unemployment rate in the last ten years.
Marking a shift from the previous process, the Ministry of Statistics & Programme Implementation (MoSPI) has recently started releasing monthly labour data reports covering both urban and rural areas. The second monthly Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) reveals that for May 2025, India"s unemployment rate rose to 5.6 percent, up from 5.1 percent last month. This number is lower than the 7 percent rate measured by the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE), an independent think tank.
The numbers cannot be compared since the methodology differs for both. PLFS considered 7511 first-stage sampling units during May 2025. The number of households surveyed was 89,372 (49,267 in rural areas and 40,105 in urban areas), and the number of persons surveyed was 3,79,600 (2,16,542 in rural areas and 2,16,542 in urban areas).
A press release by MoSPI reveals that in rural areas, the overall Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR) among people 15 years of age and above stood at 54.8 percent in April 2025. It was 56.9 percent for rural areas and 50.4 percent in urban areas.
These changing trends in labour demand and employment rates call for thoughtful policy measures to address the prevailing economic challenges and ensure sustainable growth in rural and urban areas. It highlights the importance of diversifying economic activities to create more employment opportunities and bolster the country"s financial resilience.
If you are wondering about the unemployment rate last ten years or 15 years, we have the data in a tidy little chart for you:
| Year | Unemployment Rate (percent) |
|---|---|
| 2025 | 5.6 (May 2025) |
| 2024 | 4.9 |
| 2023 | 8.003 |
| 2022 | 7.33 |
| 2021 | 5.98 |
| 2020 | 8.00 |
| 2019 | 5.27 |
| 2018 | 5.33 |
| 2017 | 5.36 |
| 2016 | 5.42 |
| 2015 | 5.44 |
| 2014 | 5.44 |
| 2013 | 5.42 |
| 2012 | 5.41 |
| 2011 | 5.43 |
| 2010 | 5.55 |
| 2009 | 5.54 |
| 2008 | 5.41 |
Source: CMIE
Below is a table showcasing the unemployment rate (UR) across various states and union territories in India for 2023-24. Data is sourced from MoSPI
| State/UT | UR (in%) |
|---|---|
| Lakshadweep | 16.0 |
| Goa | 8.7 |
| Andaman & N. Island | 14.1 |
| Kerala | 9.5 |
| Haryana | 3.6 |
| Punjab | 5.8 |
| Ladakh | 5.4 |
| Meghalaya | 8.6 |
| Puducherry | 5.6 |
| Arunachal Pradesh | 7.5 |
| Manipur | 6.2 |
| Uttarakhand | 5.8 |
| Rajasthan | 5.1 |
| Telangana | 5.4 |
| Jammu & Kashmir | 9.6 |
| Himachal Pradesh | 9.9 |
| Nagaland | 7.7 |
| Tamil Nadu | 4.9 |
| Andhra Pradesh | 4.6 |
| Chandigarh | 7.7 |
| Bihar | 3.9 |
| Odisha | 5.1 |
| All India | 4.1 |
| Maharashtra | 3.5 |
| Dadra & Nagar Haveli & Daman & Diu | 2.7 |
| Chhattisgarh | 3.0 |
| Karnataka | 2.9 |
| Uttar Pradesh | 4.1 |
| Mizoram | 2.3 |
| Sikkim | 3.9 |
| West Bengal | 3.8 |
| Delhi | 2.1 |
| Assam | 6.5 |
| Gujarat | 1.4 |
| Jharkhand | 2.1 |
| Madhya Pradesh | 1.7 |
| Tripura | 1.7 |
The past and current unemployment rate in India is a critical economic indicator expressed as a percentage that varies based on the prevailing economic conditions.
When job opportunities become scarce during economic downturns, unemployment tends to increase. Contrarily, during economic growth and prosperity periods, with many job opportunities available to the public, the unemployment rate is expected to decline.
The formula to calculate the current unemployment rate in India is as follows:
Unemployment Rate = Number of Unemployed Persons / Civilian Labor Force
Or,
Unemployment Rate = Number of Unemployed Persons / (Number of Employed Persons + Number of Unemployed Persons)
To be classified as unemployed, an individual must meet specific criteria:
They must be at least 16 years old and available to work full-time in the last four weeks.
They should be actively seeking employment during this period.
Some exceptions include individuals who are temporarily laid off and actively looking to rejoin their previous jobs.
Throughout our economic history, several significant events have significantly impacted the unemployment rate in India.
1. Which is the state with the highest unemployment rate in India? How about the state with the lowest unemployment rate in India?
As of December 2022, Haryana had the highest unemployment rate in India, at 37.4 percent. As for the lowest, data from the same time suggests Odisha is the state with the lowest unemployment rate in India at 0.9 percent.
2. How does the unemployment rate impact the Indian economy?
First Published: Jun 18, 2025, 16:42
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