In management practice, West isn't always best
There is a problematic absence of non-Western voices in management research

From data points to management practices, the Western world may be missing out on important insights from non-Western countries such as Brazil, China, India and South Africa.
Management is a global phenomenon, yet the body of management knowledge doesn’t always reflect that. Different cultures may have different — and equally interesting — contributions to the creation of successful organizations. After all, concepts such as mindfulness and employee well-being, which increasingly feature in Western management, owe much to Buddhism.
Is there more to be learned from other cultures? And rather than simply looking to test or challenge the limits of Western management, could theories from other cultures become, if not new reference points, then at least other valid perspectives to expand our collective understanding?
One problem with achieving this vision is that academic research itself is narrowly focused on the Western world. This was the conclusion drawn by IESE’s Yuliya Snihur and coauthors in their paper, “Embracing non-Western contexts in management scholarship."
For the Journal of Management Studies, the authors analyzed the types of research featured in JMS between 2012 and 2023. They found that only 12% came from non-Western contexts for some years, it was as low as 3%.
Data from countries such as Brazil, India, Japan or Nigeria is underrepresented in academic literature. Despite these countries’ increasingly central role in the global economy, there is a serious lack of research into the cultural, political, regulatory and ethical contexts needed to succeed in business in these countries.
During the decade studied, only 3.7% of the studies published in JMS were carried out in Brazil, 7.48% in India, 2.8% in South Africa and 0% in Nigeria.
One reason for this is the subconscious prejudice that data from these regions can only ever reveal local insights. And when data from these countries is collected and analyzed, it is often only being used to test how Western theories work in those contexts.
This contrasts with the unspoken expectation that Western data can illicit universal insights. As such, researchers from non-Western countries are reluctant to use their own local data, for fear their results will be taken less seriously by top journals, the vast majority of which are based in Western countries.
But there is little to no reason to assume that non-Western data is inferior to Western data when it comes to making claims about management and organizations. Indeed, relying solely on Western data can be highly problematic, since it can lead to inaccurate and acontextual assessments.
The authors propose three ways to address this:
Despite comparatively little research, some theories have made it through to Western audiences, partly due to the emergence of globally active multinational corporations not headquartered in the West, and movements of people through migration or expatriation.
The following theories show the potential of non-Western influence:
First Published: Jul 09, 2024, 14:49
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